Eggs & Type 2 Diabetes: Is There a Connection?

By Sysy Morales

Researchers from Harvard University, the University of Eastern Finland, and Mexico’s National Institute of Public Health conducted a recent study which showed that high egg intake may raise the risk for type 2 diabetes. The interesting part of the study’s findings is this risk only applied to those living in the United States. The study set out to follow up on links between egg consumption and type 2 diabetes. The study found eggs were found to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes development in the US only. What is the Link Between Eggs and Type 2 Diabetes? The researchers studied results from 10 separate population-based studies from around the world which covered a total of about 250,000 people. Four of the 10 studies were done in the US, one in Japan, and the remainder in Europe. During the follow up for the study, 12,000 developed type 2 diabetes. A meta-analysis of prior studies and their data show that each egg included in the daily diet raises the risk of type 2 diabetes by 13% but the data also showed a varied risk between the different countries, with the US showing the majority of the increased risk. Researchers looked over the data and did not find any link between eating eggs and type 2 diabetes risk. They also studied the seven most high-grade studies which used data from medical registers versus self reporting data and found no link between eggs and diabetes. The three studies they didn’t conduct a high grade analysis of were conducted in the US. Why Only in the US? Without a straightforward reason for the US egg and diabetes link researchers theorized that the findings may have to do with factors not related to eating eggs aside from the association that people who eat eggs participate in unhealthy habits like leading a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and consuming high amounts of processed meats. Researchers suggested that there were potential issue with the way the US studies were gathered and concluded that, “We found evidence that results may be driven in part by studies conducted in the USA and by studies of a lower quality,” To combat this study’s findings, other recent studies have been conducted showing a positive association between eggs and diabetes–that they lower type 2 diabetes risk. The major risk factors for type 2 diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association include: • Being overweight • Having high blood sugar • A history of gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) • High blood pressure • Unhealthy cholesterol • Lack of physical activity • Smoking • Unhealthy diet • Age, race, gender, and family history Sysy Morales has lived with type 1 diabetes for 21 years. She works as a writer and health coach at The Girls Guide to Diabetes for people with diabetes and is a regular motivational speaker. Sysy lives in Roanoke, Virginia with her husband and 6 year old twins.

Medical Error Is Third Leading Cause of Death in the U.S.A

How Did This Happen.?

By Michelle Schoffro Cook You’ve probably heard the horror stories—people receiving incorrect drugs, getting the wrong surgeries, having the wrong body parts removed at their hospital visit or having medical instruments left inside their bodies during surgery. These appalling errors may seem like unlikely occurrences, but new research shows that medical errors are now the third leading cause of death in the U.S., causing over 251,000 deaths annually, after heart disease and cancer, respectively. Known as “iatrogenic deaths,” the findings do not include the results of the correct use of medicine and surgery or other forms of medical treatment, only gross negligence and miscommunication that caused the death of those who sought medical intervention for some other condition. The study, conducted by researchers at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and published in the online medical journal The BMJ, found that communication breakdowns, diagnostic errors, poor judgment and inadequate skill are the main causes of the errors. They concluded that these medical errors occur both at the individual and system levels. According to the study, “Medical error has been defined as an unintended act (either of omission or commission) or one that does not achieve its intended outcome, the failure of a planned action to be completed as intended (an error of execution), the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim (an error of planning), or a deviation from the process of care that may or may not cause harm to the patient.” It’s a scary thought that people are dying from their health “care” rather than the disease for which they seek treatment. Actually, more people die from errors in medical treatment than respiratory disease, accidents, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. Equally appalling is that death from medical error is not listed on death certificates as a cause of death. Instead, if the medical error caused respiratory or cardiovascular failure, or some other type of system failure, then these results are listed as the cause of death on death certificates. The problem is not just an American one. The study authors state: “Medical error leading to patient death is under-recognized in many other countries, including the UK and Canada.” And the problem likely goes well beyond these nations, but has been insufficiently studied to date. Of course, humans make mistakes. Mistakes are inevitable, but to the tune of over a quarter-of-a-million deaths annually? I’d say that goes well beyond error into a category I’d define as “negligence.” Having personally observed patients being told to wait in emergency waiting rooms when their conditions are critical and having someone close to me nearly die due to misdiagnosis and inadequate medical response, this new research exposes a long-standing and serious disease within the medical system itself. Dr. Michelle Schoffro Cook, PhD, DNM is an international best-selling and 19-time published book author whose works include: Be Your Own Herbalist: Essential Herbs for Health, Beauty, and Cooking (New World Library, 2016).

What NOT to Say to Someone With a Chronic Illness

By: Ann Pietrangelo

Who among us hasn’t put their foot in their mouth on occasion? Sickness and disability can make you feel uncomfortable and tongue tied. Here’s what you need to know about people who have a chronic illness: they’re people just like you. They don’t necessarily want to talk about their health every minute of the day and they don’t need anyone to remind them of it when they’re out trying to have a good time. It’s highly likely that they’ve spent a great deal of time learning about their condition and how to cope with it, so unsolicited advice is probably not a good idea, especially if they’re like these gems: At least it’s not…(whatever) The implication here is that things could be worse…and they certainly could, but so what? Just because something could be worse doesn’t mean it’s not challenging or that a person can’t be having a hard time. Telling someone with type 1 diabetes that they’re fortunate they don’t have stage IV pancreatic cancer is not helpful. Let’s put it this way: When you have the flu and you’re feeling like death warmed over you probably don’t need anyone to tell you how fortunate you are not to have a hot poker sticking in your eye, too — you already know that, but you’re still sick. Comparing diseases is a bad idea. Try this instead: “I’m not familiar with (whatever disease). If you don’t mind, I’d like to hear a little bit about it.” Or this: “I don’t know what it’s like for you, but I’m here for you.” You just need to de-stress Yes, don’t we all. If you’re alive, you’re going to have a certain amount of stress. Some we can eliminate, some we can learn to cope with, and some we’re just stuck with. Stress can certainly affect your health. And having a chronic illness? Well, that’s stressful. What you don’t want to do is sound as though you’re blaming that person for creating their own illness. It’s cruel to imply that they are ill because they don’t know how to handle life. If you have a friend who seems stressed, make a specific offer to help out, like making It’s all mental…you just need some positive thinking Tough one. Of course a positive attitude is better than a negative one. The mind-body connection is very real and quite powerful. But it’s important to remember that people with a chronic illness have the same range of healthy emotions as everyone else. They can feel sad or angry or proclaim it a frustratingly crappy day and still be positive people. And let’s face it, disease isn’t all in your head. Positive people get sick, too. Let’s not pile on by telling them they could fix it if they would only try harder. Instead, you could offer to engage in some positive mind-body activities together. Make a date to get massages, take a yoga class, learn to meditate, etc. I wish I had a handicapped parking pass Hmm…maybe you’d like a prime parking spot, but would you trade your health for it? Not likely. This one falls into the “be careful what you wish for” category. Just don’t say it. Must be nice not having to (whatever)…or getting to (whatever) Not “having” to work or “getting” to take an afternoon nap may sound enticing, but not working because you’re not healthy enough to work isn’t a good feeling. And though taking an afternoon nap to catch up on your zzzs can be refreshing, it’s a lot less fun it you need that nap because you cannot physically get through the day without it. It’s not a choice or a privilege, so it’s best not to go there. Instead, why not offer something that is nice, like hanging out together, sharing a meal or going to the movies? The (whatever) diet will cure you Dave Bexfield, who has MS and runs the site Active MSers, isn’t a fan of the diet police. “I get it, eating healthier and losing weight is good for you. So is avoiding crystal meth, poorly packed parachutes, and street gangs. But with my disease, multiple sclerosis, no diets have been shown to have any scientifically proven effect. So please, don’t tell me I should go on an anti-inflammatory, turmeric-laden vegan diet for my health, especially when we are out for a nice lunch together.” If you want to talk about diet, perhaps you could talk about it in the context of your own life, or as a general topic of conversation rather than as a cure for someone else’s illness. You should try taking vitamins instead of medication (or whatever treatment) Barby Ingle, president of International Pain Foundation, says, “Don’t judge. People have to be okay with the choices they make when it comes to their care.” Absolutely. We all need to get our vitamins, but it could be dangerous to suggest that someone ditch their medications in favor of dietary supplements. You don’t need that cane (or whatever assistive device) “Don’t try to take away my tools because of your embarrassment or trying to push me into being better,” said Ingle. She relayed the story of a friend who was asked to leave her cane in the car when attending a graduation because it would take attention from the big moment. Long story, short — the cane stayed in the car, followed by several days of pain and “see, you didn’t need the cane…” I can relate, I really can. I’ve used a cane during MS relapses, and have I ever gotten a boatload of unsolicited advice. “You’re too young for a cane,” was my favorite. Utter nonsense. You don’t use a cane because you want to be dependent on something. You use it because you want to stay independent. You want to stand on your own two feet, walk, and participate in life. If you’re living with a chronic illness, you do what you have to do to work around it and function. Whether it’s because of muscle weakness or balance issues or numbness, if a cane can help, it’s cruel to make someone feel foolish for using it. The same goes for walkers and wheelchairs and braces and handicapped parking placards and whatever assistive devices help a person get through the day. And, of course, everybody’s favorite: But you don’t look sick (or, but you look so good!) This is a favorite “what not to say” among people with chronic illness. The implication is that you look perfectly fine so why don’t you get off your ass and stop faking? Most chronic illnesses have “invisible” symptoms so it’s not hard to see why casual observers get confused. Personally, I don’t think people always mean this in a bad way. It could just as easily be meant as a compliment. Hey, if you think someone looks fantastic, by all means say it. Then ask how they really feel. Fear of saying the wrong thing might lead you to simply stay away and say nothing. That’s the worst thing you can do. Go. Talk. Hug. Be a friend. Do your best. If you make a mistake, apologize and move on. You’re only human, too.

WHO and UNICEF celebrate 25 years of BFHI during World Congress

By camlinknews

WHO and UNICEF celebrate 25 years of BFHI at World Congress in Geneva from 24-26th October 2016. Join to celebrate the 25th Anniversary since the inception of the Initiative. It would be recalled that in 1991, WHO and UNICEF launched the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI), providing a framework to promote, support and protect breastfeeding in hospitals and maternity facilities through the implementation of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. The 25th anniversary becomes the perfect moment to celebrate the successes and chart the future to ensure that every new-born receives appropriate care. Therefore, WHO and UNICEF are conducting a number of activities to reshape and reinvigorate the Ten Steps for Successful Breastfeeding such as: 1-assessing BFHI current status, 2-developing systematic reviews of the evidence behind the Ten Steps, 4-updating WHO guidelines, 5-gathering information on successes and challenges in implementation through country case-studies and, 6-hosting a Congress that will take place in Geneva, Switzerland in October 24-26 2016. The BFHI Congress aims to: 1. Celebrate achievements in improving quality of care for breastfeeding mothers, 2. Present the current status of the BFHI 3. Discuss new guidance on country implementation of the Ten Steps 4. Form or strengthen regional networks to improve country programmes for maternity facilities As regards this Congress, Agness Sitati (copied herewith) is a member of the eight team global planning committee (and the only one from Africa - Kenya) and some of her key responsibilities in the region are: 1-to identify speakers from the region who can share information on the successes, challenges, and lessons learnt in the implementation of BFHI in their countries (through case studies) 2-to provide suggestions for the invitation of participants from countries that have implemented the BFHI (strictly 2 participants per country who are the focal persons or national BFHI coordinators from the government and NGO). In this regard, We kindly request you to share this information with your networks so that we can get very fruitful contributions from the region to share and as much representation and participation as possible at the World BFHI Congress. If anyone has information from their countries that is worth sharing at the congress, kindly get in touch with Agnes at ansitati@gmail.com or call her on +254 722 678 886 or Skype at agnes.sitati1 so that you are added onto the Congress agenda as a key speaker at the earliest time possible before it is finalized. Also get in touch with her through the contacts provided on the invitation nominees for your countries, providing their full contacts. Your co-operation and assistance will be highly appreciated.

9 Reasons to Stop Eating Meat in Honour of Earth Day

By: Zoe Eisenberg and Kristina C.

There are tons of psychological reasons why many people still eat meat, from cultural affiliations to early formed habits, flavor preferences and more. Whether you’re flirting with vegetarianism or reaffirming your commitment to the cause, here are a handful of reasons to stop eating meat in honor of Earth, and everything that inhabits it. Eating meat is downright bad for the environment. From water pollution to deforestation, our country’s meat consumption is wreaking havoc on Mama Earth. A 2009 study found that 80 percent of Amazon deforestation was linked to cattle farming, and factory farming methods are a notorious culprit for water pollution. Eating meat can kill you. From heart disease to colon cancer, numerous studies have shown the deadly dangers of a meaty diet. Frequent meat consumers aren’t the only ones who should be worried. A Harvard study concluded that just one serving of red meat a day increases the risk of early death by 13 percent. Eating meat kills endangered animals. Cows and chickens aren’t the only ones at risk from our society’s carnivorous appetite. Researchers at Florida International University uncovered that meat consumption is the number one cause of species extinction due to habitat removal. Next time you order a burger, think about your furry friend the panda. Eating meat depletes precious fossil fuels. Forget driving cars. Meat consumption is what takes up the majority of our fossil fuels. To make matters worse, meat consumption is an inefficient use of these precious fuels. It takes eight times the fossil fuels to produce meat than to produce plant-based proteins. Most meat is infested with bacteria. Because of our large-scale factory farming practice, the majority of the meat consumed across the country is riddled with bacteria. A 2013 report by the FDA found that of all the meat tested, 81 percent of ground turkey was contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Pork chops came in at a gross second, with a 69 percent infestation rate. Ground beef ranked at 55 percent and chicken brought up the rear with 39 percent. Meat consumption is unsustainable. “Sustainability” has become a major buzz word, from coffee to chocolate and everything in between. Despite the interest in becoming more sustainable, many fail to realize (or choose to ignore) that eating meat is one of the least sustainable things you can do. The large amount of energy meat production consumes has been shown to contribute to global warming, as well as a loss of important biodiversity, soil erosion, grassland destruction and more. Meat consumption contributes to world hunger. Wait what? That’s right. While an estimated 56 million acres of land are producing feed for livestock, only 4 million are growing veggies for human consumption. A simple shift could equal much more food for the world population. Meat contains harmful hormones. What does Europe know that we don’t? When it comes to meat consumption, the answer is, a lot. The European Union has repeatedly stated they want nothing to do with U.S. beef because it is pumped full of harmful, synthetic hormones known to increase risks of breast and prostate cancer. Yikes. Its health dangers rival that of cigarette smoke. According to a 2013 study in the journal, Nutrients, eating a diet heavy in meat is just as harmful to your health as smoking tobacco. The easiest way to help out our planet is to cut meat from our diets. However, for many giving up meat completely is out of the question. But that doesn’t mean you’re out of luck. Reducing your daily consumption and consuming more consciously can help—but not as much as quitting, pardon the pun, cold turkey. Can Eating Meat Be Just As Bad For You As Smoking?

Can changing what you eat and what you do influence the likelihood of your risk for getting cancer? With a new year starting, many of us may be making pledges to improve our health, whether by quitting smoking or cutting down on our consumption of beer, wine or meat. A review published at the end of 2013 that analyzes food supply data from the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) provides some motivation for sticking to your newly-made resolutions. According to this study, eating a meat-rich diet could be as bad for you as smoking or drinking. The study was published in an online, open-access journal, Nutrients, and was undertaken by William B. Grant of the Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center in northern Califronia. It’s an ecological study that draws on data collected by others (in this case, the FAO) about populations, but without knowing specifics about the people studied (i.e., if they had any medical conditions, or if there were environmental factors, that might have made them more susceptible to cancer). Correlations Between Cancer and Eating a Diet Rich in Animal Products Various types of cancer (including lung, prostate, breast, stomach and liver, among others) among men and women in 157 countries were considered. Data from 87 of those countries was focused on, as these countries (Japan, the U.S.) are said to have “high-quality data” about health and diet. Based on the notion that there is “generally a lag of up to 20 years between dietary changes and peak cancer rates,” the study looks at data that goes back to 1980. The author found that smoking and consumption of animal products (meat, fish, milk and eggs) were correlated with “over half of the cancer incidence rates, with alcoholic beverage supply explaining a smaller amount.” For men, smoking was found to play more of a role in increasing cancer risk; for women, eating animal products played the greatest role. Overall, the study found that consumption of meat and dairy products was most strongly correlated with cancers of the “female breast, corpus uteri, kidney, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, testicular, thyroid cancer, and multiple myeloma.” Consumption of alcoholic beverages was only found to be linked to colorectal cancer while lung cancer was found to be “associated with animal fat supply in addition to cigarette supply.” Additional research that takes factors such as people’s medical histories and lifestyle choices into account is needed to confirm that a diet rich in animal products is as bad for your health as smoking is. Why Would Eating Meat Increase Cancer Risk? The study does not explain why eating meat might increase one’s susceptibility to cancer. The India Times comments that eating animal products is correlated with cancer risk “since animal products promote growth of the body as well as tumors through production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I).” Other research has tied eating meat to increased cancer risk. Research published in March found that eating a lot of processed meat (ham, bacon, sausages, burgers) in particular was associated with a higher risk of dying from cancer and heart disease. In October, researchers from the University of Southern California reported that eating red and processed meat was significantly associated with a greater risk for colorectal cancer in people with a certain genetic mutation. In the United States, the early 1980s saw a push for eating fewer carbohydrates and increasing protein intake, as called for by the Scarsdale diet and, in the 1990s, the Atkins diet. That is, even while meat consumption has been linked to heart disease and to being at a higher risk for total, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, people have had their reasons to increase their meat intake. If you must eat animal products, eating meat that is minimally processed and from antibiotic-free animals who’ve been raised using sustainable methods and in humane conditions could be a way to minimize any risks. As the Nutrients study suggests, eliminating it from your diet and going meatless is a very good way to get your 2014 off to a very healthy start.

Top Signs of Iron Deficiency and How To Increase Iron Levels In Your Blood

By camlinknews

#‎Iron‬ ‪#‎deficiency‬ is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world so you must be aware of its warning signs. If left untreated, it can cause serious damage to the heart and other major organs. 12 Warning Signs of Iron Deficiency that Most People Ignore

Iron deficiency is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the… www.healthyandnaturalworld.com|By Healthy and Natural World Did you know that iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency and the leading cause of anemia in the United States? Iron is a mineral that helps you get enough oxygen throughout your body. Iron is needed to make hemoglobin which is part of the red blood cells that carry oxygen through the body. If you don’t get enough iron, your body cannot get enough oxygen, and you will eventually develop anemia. Anemia can occur due to a shortage of two key nutrients in our bodies: vitamin B12 (and folic acid) and/or iron. Iron is also an important part of many enzymes in our body and is required in many cell functions. This article will discuss the symptoms of anemia, as well as how to increase iron levels in your blood through nutrition and supplements. It will also include tips of how to improve iron absorption and which supplements are better for you. Causes of iron deficiency – Not getting enough iron from food. People who don’t eat meat may be at risk of iron deficiency if they don’t get enough iron from other foods. – Inability to absorb iron due to diseases like celiac disease or if part of your small intestine has been removed – Heavy bleeding, such as heavy periods or bleeding inside the body as in peptic ulcers or colorectal cancer. – Pregnancy – many pregnant women suffer from iron deficiency as their iron needs to serve not only their own increased blood volume, but their growing fetus as well. – Many people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop iron deficiency. What are the symptoms of anemia? When anemia become worse over time, symptoms include: – Fatigue – Dizziness – Lack of concentration – Headaches – Irritability – Shortness of breath – Pale skin – Delay normal growth and development in children – Higher risk of infections – Premature births and low birth weight babies – Brittle nails – Rapid or irregular heartbeat which can lead to heart problems How much iron do we need to consume a day? The recommended daily amount is 18 mg of iron a day for woman of reproductive age, 27 mg for pregnant women and 8 mg per day for men. Breastfeeding women can consume 9 mg a day since there is no menstruation during this period. Girls aged 14-18 need 15 mg of iron per day. Which foods contain iron? Food sources of iron are divided into two groups: • Animal source – red meat, poultry, internal parts (such as heart and liver), eggs yolks and seafood. • Vegetable source – the richest in iron are legumes, nuts and almonds, tahini, dried fruit, and green leafy vegetables such as parsley. There are also iron-fortified foods like cereals or bread. How to improve iron absorption? To improve iron absorption from vegetable sources you need to consume it with vitamin C, such as in fresh vegetables. For example, you can eat lentil soup with chopped parsley and red pepper (capsicum) which are full of vitamin C. As a snack, you should choose walnuts and almonds. This is because plant foods are different from animal foods when it comes to their iron content. In animal foods, iron is often attached to proteins called heme proteins, and referred to as heme iron. In plant foods, the iron is not attached to heme proteins and is classified as non-heme iron. The absorption rate of heme iron is usually higher and more efficient than that of non-heme iron. What about iron supplements? If you have anemia, after you’ve found the reason, you should consider taking iron supplements, and not just rely on nutrition. If you take dietary supplements in general, and in particular those of iron, you should consult your doctor, just like you do before taking medications. In general, an iron supplement can come in several forms: capsule, syrup and intravenous infusion (in cases of indigestion and lack of absorption as in certain cases of intestinal diseases, cancer, etc.). Which supplement is better? It’s better to choose the supplement that will enable you to achieve maximum iron absorption, with minimal side effects. Possible side effects of taking iron supplements are abdominal pain • Diarrhea • Constipation, • Changes in stool color (find out what your stool can tell you about your health) • General discomfort in the abdomen These effects are much smaller if taking liquid supplements. Iron absorption of liquid supplement is far easier for the digestive system, and therefore has less side effects. In addition, you should take supplement whose iron absorption is coordinated with the body: iron taken in excess can cause damage – iron molecule may oxidize and act like free radicals that damage DNA. What can interfere with iron absorption? • Oxalic acid found in many green vegetables may delay the absorption of iron. For example: spinach is very rich in oxalic acid which binds to the iron and interferes with iron absorption in the intestine. • Even phytic acid, which is found mostly in whole grains, may interfere with iron absorption. So although whole grains are a good source of iron themselves, the phytic acid they contain can stop your body absorbing iron from other foods and supplements. • Also drinking tea, coffee, and chocolate interfere with iron absorption due to the high content of polyphenols, as well as calcium like in dairy products. So the best way is to take an iron supplement along with eating a vegetable/fruit rich in vitamin C such as kiwifruit, orange, guava, strawberry, red pepper (capsicum) and apple. Berries are especially high in vitamin C, and you can find easy and nutritious berry recipes in my e-book The Healing Berry Guide. This e-book will teach you how to transform your health with berries and their amazing health benefits. There are other warning signs that can indicate a health problem: • 11 Health Warnings Your Fingernails May Be Sending • Warning Signs of Heart Disease Can Be Detected In Your Eyes • Top Signs Your Body is Toxic and What to Do About It • How to Tell If You Have Intestinal Parasites and What to Do About That

IYCF (Infant and Young Child Feeding)

WHO/UNICEF guidance on infant feeding in the context of ebola

West Africa crisis 2014 Association between breastfeeding and intelligence, educational attainment, and income at 30 years of age: a prospective birth cohort study from Brazil Background Breastfeeding has clear short-term benefits, but its long-term consequences on human capital are yet to be established. The research aimed to assess... Interim Operational Considerations for the feeding support of Infants and Young Children under 2 years of age in refugee and migrant transit settings in Europe The note outlines benefits, risks, options, and resources for supporting appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) in children under 2 years of age in refugee... Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices: Standard Operating Procedures for the Handling of Breastmilk Substitutes (BMS) in Refugee Situations for Children 0 - 23 months These SOP provide guidance on how staff of UNHCR and UNHCR partners should manage artificial feeding in refugee contexts to protect both breastfed and non-breastfed... Flyer on IYCF Feeding Support in Transit This is a flyer developed by the facebook group "Infant Feeding Support for Refugee Children". Members of this group, who are breastfeeding advocates,... Infant feeding in the context of ebola This guidance guidance document on infant feeding in the context of Ebola was produced through informal consultation involving UNICEF technical advisors at HQ,... C-MAMI Tool, Version 1 (2015) The C-MAMI Tool provides a health worker with a format to assess, identify/classify and manage uncomplicated acute malnutrition in infants < 6 months of age in the... Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies: Making it Happen. Report of a regional workshop on IFE (2008) Report of a regional workshop on IFE held in Bali, 10-13 March, 2008. Organised by ENN/IFE Core Group, in collaboration with UNICEF NY, UNICEF regional offices,... Infant and young child feeding counselling: An integrated course (WHO and UNICEF) Background: There are three existing courses available from WHO/UNICEF: Breastfeeding Counselling: A Training Course (5 days) HIV and Infant Feeding Counselling: A...

Introduction to Nutrition in Emergencies- Basic Concepts; UNICEF E-learning course Introduction to Nutrition in Emergencies- Basic Concepts; UNICEF E-learning course This online course covers basic concepts around the humanitarian system and... Breastfeeding counselling: A Training Course Contents: This course is designed to provide health workers with the clinical and interpersonal skills needed to support mothers and their children to breastfeed... IYCF: Formative Research for Infant Feeding Programs: Skills and Practice for IYCF and Maternal Nutrition Content: Formative research looks at the community in which an organization is implementing, or plans to implement, programme activities and helps the organization to... Essential Nutrition Actions to improve the nutrition of women and children - including under situations of emergencies and HIV: Training materials, Ethiopia Trainer's Guide - Using the Essential Nutrition Actions to Improve the Nutrition of Women and Children in Ethiopia, including under Situations of Emergencies and HIV... Training of Trainers for Mother-to-Mother breastfeeding support groups Contents: The purpose of this course is two fold: to train community health workers to facilitate infant feeding mother-to-mother support groups and to train trainers... Recomended feeding & dietary practice to improve infant and maternal nutrition Used in training in Somalia by UNICEF. Please download below. IFE Module 1 Note: This module has now been updated to Module 1, v2.1, 2010. Module 1. Infant feeding in emergencies. For emergency relief staff. Orientation and... Infant Feeding in Emergencies (IFE) Module 2, Version 1.1 (2007) For health and nutrition workers in emergency situations. Module 2 has been developed through interagency collaboration and consultation with many experts and field... Christian Aid partner in Gaza requests baby milk after sewage flood Christian Aid partner in Gaza requests baby milk after sewage flood: www.alertnet.org/thenews/fromthefield/218275/117552179971.htm An example of a request for... Operational Guidance on Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies, v 2.1 (2007) Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies Operational Guidance for Emergency Relief Staff and Policy-Makers. The guidance provides concise practical but mainly... WHO guiding principles for feeding infants and young children during emergencies

Sets out the 10 guiding principles on feeding of infants and young children during emergencies to prevent excess morbidity and mortality in emergencies. Covers... Infant Feeding in Emergencies (IFE) Making it Matter: Report of an international strategy meeting (2006) Report of an international strategy meeting on infant and young child feeding in emergencies, held by the IFE Core Group in Oxford, 1-2 November, 2006. Celebrating the Innocenti Declaration on the Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding Past Achievements, Present Challenges and Priority Actions for Infant and Young Child Feeding This report reviews the developments in breastfeeding promotion in the... Operational Guidance - essential orientation Presentation on the Operational Guidance on IFE, version 2.1, 2007, part of the IFE Orientation and Training Day 11th July 2007, held at the Institute of Child... WHO Statement on iron supplementation in malarious regions WHO Statement on iron supplementation of young children in regions where malaria transmission is intense and infectious disease highly prevalent Consensus statement on Infant feeding and HIV/AIDS (WHO, 2006)

Summary of latest recommendations regarding HIV and infant feeding following a 3 day meeting in October 2006 that aimed to clarify and refine the existing UN... Review of policies and guidelines on infant feeding in emergencies - Common ground and gaps Review of policies and guidance on infant feeding in emergencies, common ground and gaps. Disasters, 2001, 25(2), 136-148 Conflict 1990s: From policy to practice: challenges in infant feeding in emergencies during the Balkan Crisis From policy to practice: challenges in infant feeding in emergencies during the Balkan Crisis. Disasters, 2001, 25 (20), 149-163 Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection during exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection during exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life: an intervention cohort study. Coovadia et al, Lancet... Joint FAO/WHO Workshop on Enterobacter Sakazakii and Other Microorganisms in Powdered Infant Formula Joint FAO/WHO Workshop on Enterobacter Sakazakii and Other Microorganisms in Powdered Infant Formula. Child Survival II: How many child deaths can we prevent this year? Child Survival II: How many child deaths can we prevent this year? THE LANCET • Vol 362 • July 5, 2003 • www.thelancet.com UKZN wins right for ARV trial on babies: Online South Africa news article Article published in online 'Mail & Guardian' South Africa 6th November... Breastfeeding saves lives after earthquake in Indonesia 100 breastfeeding peer counsellors trained in Indonesia following earthquake. Article and video. Also available here. Flash pasteurisation of breastmilk may prevent HIV transmission, news article Research showing pasteurization of breastmilk may kill HIV, also available at:... PMTCT programme insufficient in Malawi www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/IRIN/5738b6ae0b7ade99a8b72bc9c0afce7.htm HIV positive and forced by poverty to breastfeed: News article on Malawi An article that appeared in the Telegraph newspaper on 16th December 2006. www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/12/16/wmala16.xml In Zambia, a formula to fight AIDS Long article on HIV and breastmilk vs formula from Zambia. www.mysanantonio.com/news/metro/stories/MYSA121706.01A.ZambiaAIDS.304c9dc.html Ratih Sanggarwati, Indonesian model supports breastfeeding www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20061217.C01 Breastmilk a lifesaver for a baby in times of emergency: News article Also available here. S African Govt supports HIV positive mothers choosing to breastfeed with food parcels www.allafrica.com/stories/200704021550.html The wrong formula Guardian article supporting breastfeeding and criticising infant formula industry. commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/joanna_moorhead/2007/04/the_wrong_formula.html Nestle... Indonesia nears completion of regulations on the marketing of breast-milk substitutes www.thejakartapost.com/yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20070309.C02 Breastfeeding safer for some HIV-infected mothers in poor conditions Article also available here. Baby Formula goes to Manila Court: newspaper article

Article published in Australia on 3rd February 2007. www.theage.com.au/articles/2007/02/02/1169919534128.html Improving breastfeeding rates in Mali, the plan & benefits www.alertnet.org/thenews/fromthefield/planusa/117035748949.htm USAID press release on funding for infant feeding work www.usaid.gov/press/releases/2006/pr061226.html Red Cross endorsed concert appeals for powdered baby milk in Fiji, News article Also available from: www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=61152 Nestlé donates nutritional formula to Red Cross for victims of recent typhoons, Philippines, News Article Also available from: www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/JBRN-6Y2F7E?OpenDocument UN OCHA say infant milk needed following Durian, Philippines, News article Also available from: www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/KHII-6WH33K?OpenDocument Engineer appeals for medicines and infant formula following Durian, Philippines, News article Also available from: www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2006/12/09/2003339733 Patients keep pouring into Indonesian hospitals despite receding flood waters: News article about babies becoming ill after having formula infected with E Coli News article about the floods in Indonesia in 2007 regarding infant feeding. www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/02/23/asia/AS-GEN-Indonesia-Flooded-Hospitals.php With poverty so immense, how we help is crucial Tanya Plibersek, Australian politician, comments on Australian foreign policy, and inappropriate use of infant formula... Distribution of powdered milk to returning refugees, Rwanda, News article Available from: www.alertnet.org/thenews/fromthefield/222031/116289365035.htm Distribution of powdered milk & formula in Gaza and West Bank, News article Also available from: www.pcrf.net/emergency/emergency.html NGO provides Bishop with infant formula to hand out to the needy, News article on Sri Lanka Also available from: www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=7734 Singapore Red Cross donate food packs containing milk biscuits for babies, Indonesia, News article Also available from: www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/249900/1/.html and www.standardnewswire.com/news/67589467.html Singapore Red Cross supplies milk powder to flood victims in Malaysia, News Article National Council of Churches in Australia (NCCA) supply baby milk in East Timor, News article www.ncca.org.au/cws/at_work_with_our_partners/assistance_in_emergencies For briefing on East Timor see page 4. ACT/Christian Aid partner supplies milk powder following Durian, Philippines: News article Also available from: www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/ACIO-6WMDQJ?OpenDocument Indonesian Government distribute baby food/milk to flood victims, News article Also available from: www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/JAK117949.htm Comment on long term impact of inappropriate distribution of infant formula: News article from Armenia Also available from: armenianow.com/?action=viewArticle&AID=2003&CID=2080&IID=&lng=eng Blog-entry tells of Islamic Reliefs distribution of powdered milk and Infant Formula Also available from: naazishyarkhan.blogspot.com/2007/02/true-spirit-of-ramadan-chicago-style.html Infant Formula Distributed in Nablus, Palestine, News article Also available from: www.indybay.org/newsitems/2007/03/07/18373811.php Infant feeding in emergencies: experiences from Lebanon Also available from: www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/HPN/18db00b1c08f59f11256b8a189f1835e.htm Powdered milk distribution, Sri Lanka, News article www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/JBRN-6YPF57?OpenDocument In order to supply the dry rations for recently displaced people living in Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu... Tsunami survivors queueing for formula milk in Sri Lanka, News video Also available from:... Singaporean NGOs distribute powdered milk and baby food to flood victims, News article Also available from: www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/249096/1/.html Distribution of baby bottles and milk by Brunei after Tsunami in Aceh, News article Also available from: www.bruneitimes.com.bn/details.php?shape_ID=15125 Communal breastfeeding practices in Cameroon and its relation to HIV/AIDS: News piece Myanmar mother afraid that milk had dried up whilst under detention by Malaysian authorities www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/UNHCR/45efe1e6ff12b51b551e312a0ae04f27.htm Story of baby unable to be breastfed after mother dies in floods in refugee camp www.cbc.ca/news/reportsfromabroad/mcguffin/20061205.html Mother breastfeeding in Philippines after Durian www.gulf -times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=121568&version=1&template_id=45&parent_id=25 A Little Booklet About Disaster Management This short booklet aims to inform community members involved in disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis, of essential precautions and measures that should be... Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding This publication sets out the challenges on improving infant and young child feeding practices, and the types of interventions governments and other stakeholders will... Infant and Young Child Feeding: Innocenti Declaration 2005 A call for action following 15 years since the Innocenti Declaration on the Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding and the 2002 Global Strategy for Infant...

Data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 43 countires between 1998-2004 on breastfeeding, consumption of food, etc compiled by USAID.... Isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii and other Enterobacter sp. from food and food production environments Research paper on bacteria in food products, with a special focus on infant formula and powdered milk. See also WHO Guidelines for the safe preparation, storage and... WHO/FAO guidelines for the safe preparation, storage and handling of powdered infant formula IMPORTANT NOTE: These guidelines, leaflets and poster have NOT been made with the emergency setting in mind. Hence pictures of bottle feeding should be used with... Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) in Emergencies: A UNICEF Toolkit A manual and toolkit for behaviour change communication in emergencies from UNICEF ROSA. Target groups include: Programme managers from UN, NGOs, partners and governments. Using the Essential Nutrition Actions to Improve the Nutrition of Women and Children in Ethiopia, including under Situations of Emergencies and HIV and AIDS Linkages and the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative produce this manual and materials from a four day training course for pre-service instructors of health... The impact of infant feeding practices - from relief to sustainable development. Keynote address at IBFAN International Meeting on IFE Situations, Croatia, October 1998 Keynote address from the International Meeting on Infant Feeding in Emergency Situations by Dr Aileen Robertson. Event hosted by IBFAN, WEMOS & Baby Milk Action,... International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes & Resolutions The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, 1981, and subsequent resolutions by the WHO/UNICEF. The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk... International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes - Code Watch, 25 years This leaflet, prepared by WABA for World Breastfeeding Week 2006, is a concise summary of the code that can be used to summarise it's meaning and importance. It can... A Generation on: Baby milk marketing still putting children's lives at risk - media briefing A Generation on: Baby milk marketing still putting children's lives at risk. Media briefing by Save the Children (UK) on the Code using examples from UK,... Why infant formula causes deaths due to diarrhoea A paper that describes how the use of infant formula contributes to diarrhoea in emergency and resource limited settings. Explains the causes of diarrhoea and how... UNHCR policy related to the acceptance, distribution, and use of milk products in refugee settings UNHCR policy on use of milk products in infant feeding in refugee settings. Originally written in 1989, and updated in 2006 with the help of the ENN, the IFE Core... Recommendations on infant feeding in emergencies Joint policy on infant feeding from UNICEF, the WHO, and the Indonesian Society of Paediatricians (ISP) produced following the Tsunami. covers breastfeeding and... A tool for assessing national practices, policies and programmes This tool is designed to assist countries in: summarizing current data with regard to infant and young child feeding practices, assessing the strengths and... WHO global data bank on breastfeeding and complementary feeding Can put in survey details to add to data and also search it for background data on a country. Entry web page is here. Questionnaire from Bolivia Community Assessment of Infant Feeding Practices LINKAGES and its PROCOSI partners in Bolivia used this survey form to gather information on infant feeding practices among mothers of infants less than 12 months old.... Questionnaires from Ethiopia Community Assessment of Essential Nutrition Actions and Other Health Behaviors LINKAGES and the ESHE Project used these 4 survey forms in Ethiopia for household interviews and interviews with mothers of infants 0-11 months, 12-23 months, and... IFE and the International Code

Part of a presentation on the Code for the IFE Orientation and Training day, held on 11th July 2007, at Institute of Child Health, London. Media Guide on Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies A two page flyer outlining how the media can help protect and support appropriate and safe infant and young child feeding in emergencies. Diarrhoea risk associated with not breastfeeding in Botswana (summary) Diarrhoea risk associated with not breastfeeding in Botswana. Summary of report and presentation in Field Exchange 29, Dec 2006 p.22 Botswana diarrhoea outbreak... Infant feeding patterns and risks of death and hospitalisation in the first half of infancy: multicentre cohort study. 1Bahl R, Frost C, Kirkwood BR, Edmond K, Martines J, Bhandari N, Arthur P. Infant feeding patterns and risks of death and hospitalisation in the first half of... WHO guiding principles of feeding non-breastfed children 6-24 months There are a number of infants who will not enjoy the benefits of breastfeeding. They include children born to HIV-positive mothers who choose not to breastfeed and... PAHO/WHO Guiding principles for Complementary Feeding of the Breastfed Child A review of feeding guidelines promoted by various national and international organizations has shown that there are inconsistencies in the specific recommendations... Home fortification in emergency response and transition programming: Experiences in Aceh and Nias, Indonesia (Sprinkles) Describes the post-tsunami experience using Vitalita Sprinkles for children > 6 months. Saskia de Pee, Regina Moench-Pfanner, Elviyanti Martini, Stanley H.... Infant feeding in the South Asia earthquake aftermath Weighing scales for young infants: A survey of relief workers Field Exchange 29 December 2006, p.11 Survey of weighing scales used for young infants, by staff working in emergencies. This led to the concept of a scales for 0-5... Assessment of nutritional status of chidren <5yrs of age, pregnant women & lactating women living in relief camps after the tsunami in Sri Lanka Assessment of nutritional status of children under five years of age, pregnant women, and lactating women living in relief camps after the tsunami in Sri Lanka. R....